Built With Apollo Moon-Landing Tech, GM’s Electrovan Came Too Early For Its Time

Fuel cell 1966 Handi-Bus was GM’s next electric project after the Electrovair and Electrovair II battery-powered Corvairs

                                        https://www.carscoops.com/author/chris-chilton-cc/                                    

GM’s interest in hydrogen fuel cell technology may seem like a recent endeavor following their work with Honda, but the American automaker has been tinkering with the stuff since the 1960s. While NASA was busy figuring out how fuel cells could help them conquer the space race, GM was busy figuring out how to make hydrogen work on Earth.

Related: GM’s Electrovair Is The Precursor To The Company’s Electric Future

Batteries of the time didn’t have the beans to power the Apollo command module’s communications, drinking water, lighting, and air conditioning systems, so NASA turned to fuel cells, which turn hydrogen into electricity.

And at the same time, GM, having already created two purely battery-powered EVs in the form of a pair of converted Corvairs, Electrovair I and II, was looking to explore the possibilities for hydrogen power back on Earth.

A Fuel Cell System Too Big for the Job

The fuel cell it created with the help of Union Carbide was so massive there was no way it was going to fit into a Corvair, so GM switched to the Handi-Bus, a passenger version of its Handi-Van and a VW Type 2 bus and Ford E-series rival. Even then, the powertrain’s bulk turned the van into a two-seater.

The system, which combines hydrogen and oxygen in an electrochemical reaction that produces water, heat, and electricity, wasn’t only big due its large hydrogen and oxygen tanks, but heavy, too. A total curb weight of 7,100 lbs (3,220 kg) makes most modern EVs – GMC Hummer EV aside – look like lightweights, and 3,900 lbs (1,770 kg) of that was down to the fuel cell equipment.

Predictably, performance was abysmal, zero to 60 mph (96 km/h) taking around 30 seconds, though to to fair ,a stock Handi-Bus with the base 90 hp (91 PS) 2.5-liter four was no fireball either. GM reckoned the range was around 150 miles (240 km) but never tested that on the public road due to safety concerns that turned out to be well-founded. During one test an external fuel tank exploded, shooting debris a quarter mile (400 m) away.

A Test Project, Not a Production Vehicle

This was a true test-bed project and GM never intended to put the Electrovan into production. But it showed that a fuel-cell vehicle could work and paved the way for more efficient, more compact successors that get their oxygen from the air rather than from space-eating tanks of compressed oxygen.

Almost 60 years later, GM is still committed to both BEV and fuel-cell technology, particularly believing that its Hydrotec fuel cell cubes makes more sense in big commercial vehicles like Komatus’s mining trucks than batteries, which are better suited to lighter passenger cars, trucks and SUVs.